Aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee PHA

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyester-ka intracellular ee ay ka samaysan yihiin nooleyaal badan, waa biomaterial polymer dabiici ah.

Unugyada microbial-ka, gaar ahaan unugyada bakteeriyada, waxaa jira tiro badan oo polyester-ka polymer - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).Tani waa biomaterial polymer dabiici ah.Si gaar ah uma tixraacdo polymer gaar ah, laakiinerey guud oo loogu talagalay fasalka polymers oo leh qaabab isku mid ah iyo sifooyin kala duwan.

PHA waxay soo martay qiyaas ahaanafar marxaladood oo horumarineed.

Jiilkii ugu horreeyay ee PHA, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), waxa si weyn u soo saaray Chemie Linz AG ee Austria sannadihii 1980-aadkii (wax soo saarka sannadlaha ah ee 100 tan).Sida walxaha taxanaha ah ee PHA ee la helay, PHB sidoo kale waa qaabka ugu fudud uguna caansan qoyska PHA.Waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeed heer sare ah, sifooyin adag oo jajaban, iyo qalabkeeda farsamada iyo barta dhalaalku waxay la mid yihiin polypropylene (PP);laakiin dhererka ee jabka Heerka hooseeya, jaban sare.Sidaa darteed, PHB inta badan looma isticmaali karo hal shay oo kale waxayna u baahan tahay in wax laga beddelo si loo gaadho waxqabadka lagu dabaqi karo.

Jiilka labaad ee PHA, polyhydroxybutyric acid copolyester (PHBV), waxa ganacsiyeeyay ICI 1980kii.PHBV waa copolymer PHA ah oo miisaankiisu ka badan yahay 300,000.PHBV, sida horumarinta jiilka kowaad ee PHB, ayaa si weyn u hagaajiyay barti ka dib markii ay ku dartay 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomer.Sababtoo ah waxay si buuxda u jajabin kartaa compost, ciidda, biyaha badda iyo bay'ada kale, waxay sidoo kale leedahay biocompatibility wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka sare ee caqabadaha dareeraha iyo gaaska, taasoo ka dhigaysa PHBV qalab injineernimada unugyada aadanaha ee ugu habboon samaynta tolida caafimaadka.silig, cidiyaha lafaha, iwm, oo sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sida mulch beeraha,bacaha wax iibsiga, alaabta miiska iyo alaabta baakadaha cuntada.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka wax soo saarka ee alaabta PHBV waa la sii horumariyay, waxaana lagu dabaqay saxarada golf,alaabta miiska la tuuri karofilimada, taarikada, baakadaha iyo meelaha kale.

Jiilka saddexaad ee PHA-poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx), tan iyo 1998, Tsinghua University Microbiology Laboratory iyo Guangdong Jiangmen Xarunta Horumarinta Biotechnology ayaa si guul leh u horumariyay hydroxybutyric acid markii ugu horeysay ee adduunka Tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka warshadaha ee copolymer PHBHHx oo leh hydroxycaproic acid, oo waxay xaqiiqsato wax soo saar ballaaran.Marka la barbar dhigo PHBV, PHBHHx waxay leedahay crystallinity hoose iyo ductility sare, iyo waxqabadkeedu wuxuu la mid yahay caagadaha polyetylen (PE).

Jiilka afraad ee PHA-copolymer of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate iyo 4-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB4HB ama P34HB), waxay leedahay sifooyin filim samaynta oo wanaagsan iyo astaamo jireed, laakiin biyo-xumo liidata.Jiilka afraad ee PHA wuxuu muujiyay rajooyin codsi oo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan cilmi-baarista injineernimada unugyada, sida qalabka lafaha ee injineernimada unugyada lafaha si loogu shubo unugyada taranka ee dhuuxa lafta, iwm.

Sababtoo ah PHA waxay leedahay bioocompatibility wanaagsan, biodegradability iyo waxqabadka kulaylka ee balaastikada isku mar.Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida walxaha biomedical iyoalaabta baakadaha biodegradableisla mar ahaantaana, taas oo noqotay goobta ugu firfircoon cilmi-baarista ee berrinkii biomaterials sanadihii la soo dhaafay.PHA waxa kale oo ay leedahay siyaalo badan oo qiimo sare leh oo lagu daray sida muraayadaha aan tooska ahayn, piezoelectricity, iyo guryaha xannibaadaha gaaska.

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